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What is Rail Clips
The rail elastic clips (also called rail clip, elastic rail clip) are used with railway sleeper to fasten rails on both sides. The rail clips are usually made of forged spring steel, which are manufactured by hot forging process. The forged rail clips are considered to be better than other metal forming process due to most uniform microstructure.
| Series | Model | Spec. | Hardness |
| E rail clip | III type rail clip | ø18 | 44-48HRC |
| E1609 rail clip | ø16 | ||
| E1809 rail clip | ø20 | ||
| E1804 rail clip | ø18 | ||
| E1806 rail clip | ø18 | ||
| E1813 rail clip | ø18 | ||
| E2001 rail clip | ø20 | ||
| E2007 rail clip | ø20 | ||
| E2009 rail clip | ø20 | ||
| E2039 rail clip | ø20 | ||
| E2055 rail clip | ø20 | ||
| E2056 rail clip | ø20 | ||
| E2063 Rail Clip | ø20 | ||
| E2091 Rail Clip | ø20 |


Quality Control
FAQ:
An elastic rail clip (commonly known as a rail fastening clip) is a critical component in modern railway track systems. It is a spring-steel fastener that clamps the rail foot to the baseplate/sleeper, maintaining gauge (distance between rails), absorbing dynamic loads, and allowing controlled longitudinal rail movement to manage thermal stresses.
Nabla Clip (also RN Clip or French Type): A widely used, symmetrical omega (∇)-shaped clip.
SKL Clip (German Type): A robust, asymmetrical clip with a distinctive shape, common in European high-speed lines.
Pandrol "e" Clip (PR Clip): The most globally recognized clip, with a circular shape and "e" design.
Fastclip (Vossloh): A pre-assembled, self-locking system for high-speed applications.
Cobra Clip (Mermec): A lightweight, low-profile clip.
Dockrail Clip: Common in North American freight corridors.
Fist Clip (Chinese Standard): The standard clip for Chinese high-speed and heavy-haul railways.
Its core functions are:
Vertical Toe Load: Exerts a constant, elastic downward force on the rail foot (typically 8-15 kN).
Longitudinal Rail Restraint: Allows the rail to expand/contract under temperature changes (thermal breathing) while preventing uncontrolled movement.
Electrical Insulation: Most clips are part of an insulated assembly to maintain track circuit integrity for signaling.
Vibration & Noise Dampening: The clip's elasticity absorbs high-frequency vibrations, reducing noise and fatigue.
Primary Material: Spring Steel (e.g., 60Si2MnA, SUP7, 52CrMoV4, SAE 9254) with high tensile strength (1400-1800 MPa), yield strength, and fatigue resistance.
Surface Treatment: Hot-Dip Galvanizing is standard for corrosion protection. Epoxy powder coating is sometimes used for additional durability.
Special Applications: Stainless steel (Grade 316) for highly corrosive environments (coastal, tunnels).
Toe Load (Clamping Force): The most critical parameter. Must be sufficient to prevent rail creep but allow thermal movement. Measured at installation and after settling.
Fatigue Life: Must withstand 2-5 million load cycles (simulating axle passes) without failure or excessive load loss (typically <20%).
Deflection at Toe Load: The elastic travel distance when applying the toe load.
Relaxation: The permissible permanent loss of toe load over time due to settling and wear.
Fatigue Fracture: The #1 cause. Cracks initiate at stress concentrators (scratch, corrosion pit, manufacturing defect) and propagate until failure.
Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC): In corrosive environments under tensile stress.
Hydrogen Embrittlement: Caused by improper plating/acid pickling during manufacturing.
Excessive Plastic Deformation: Loss of toe load due to yielding, often from over-deflection or material issues.
Corrosion & Wear: Reduces cross-sectional area, leading to overload.
Installation: Done with specialized hydraulic or electric clip applicators (e.g., Pandrol ADZ machine) to ensure precise, consistent toe load.
Maintenance Checks:
Visual Inspection: For cracks, corrosion, or misalignment.
Toe Load Measurement: Using handheld dynamometers or ultrasonic tension meters to check if force is within specified range.
Re-tightening/Replacement: Clips that have relaxed beyond tolerance or show defects must be replaced. They are generally not re-tightened but exchanged.
Constant Elastic Hold: Maintains clamping force under dynamic loads and track settlement.
Higher Lateral & Longitudinal Track Stability: Essential for high speeds and heavy axle loads.
Reduced Maintenance: No periodic re-tightening needed under normal conditions.
Vibration Absorption: Protects the sleeper and ballast from dynamic pounding.
Faster Installation & Replacement.
Selection depends on:
| Factor | Consideration |
|---|---|
| Traffic Type | Heavy Haul: High toe load, supreme fatigue resistance (e.g., SKL, Fist). High-Speed: Consistent performance, low relaxation (e.g., Fastclip, SKL). Transit/Metro: Often Nabla or Pandrol. |
| Axle Load & Speed | Higher values require clips with higher design margins. |
| Environmental Conditions | Coastal/tunnel: Stainless steel or extra coating. Extreme cold: Attention to steel's ductile-to-brittle transition. |
| Sleeper/Baseplate System | The clip must be compatible with the specific fastening assembly (e.g., Pandrol clip on a Pandrol shoulder). |
| Life-Cycle Cost | Consider initial cost, expected service life, and replacement labor. |
Europe: EN 13481 series (Railway applications - Track - Performance requirements for fastening systems).
International: UIC (International Union of Railways) leaflets.
North America: AREMA (American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association) Manual.
China: TB/T standards (e.g., TB/T 3395 for Fist clips).
Material Standards: EN 10089, ASTM A125, JIS G4801.
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